Transmissive small-angle scattering device

ABSTRACT

A transmission type small-angle scattering device of the present invention includes a goniometer  10  including a rotation arm  11 . The rotation arm  11  is freely turnable around a θ-axis extending in a horizontal direction from an origin with a vertical arrangement state of the rotation arm being defined as the origin, and has a vertical arrangement structure in which an X-ray irradiation unit  20  is installed on a lower-side end portion of the rotation arm  11 , and a two-dimensional X-ray detector  30  is installed on an upper-side end portion of the rotation arm  11  to form a vertical arrangement structure.

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to, for example, a transmission typesmall-angle X-ray scattering (T-SAXS) device capable ofnon-destructively measuring a semiconductor device on a semiconductormanufacturing process site.

BACKGROUND ART

High densification, multilayering, and complication of circuit patternshave been progressing for recent semiconductor devices in order toimprove the performance of the semiconductor devices. Particularly, inNAND flash memories having three-dimensional structures (3D-NAND),multilayering is progressing as the capacitance density increases, andas a result, such structures have pillars having large aspect ratios(diameter: several tens to several hundreds nm, height: several μm) ortrenches (deep grooves).

Conventionally, an optical critical dimension (OCD) device has beenmainly used to measure the three-dimensional structure of asemiconductor device, but there has occurred a situation in which theabove-mentioned complicated structure cannot be measured by the device.If a scanning electron microscope (SEM) or a transmission electronmicroscope (TEM) is used, it would be possible to perform measurement inthe depth direction. However, since the measurement by these electronmicroscopes is based on a measurement method for performing themeasurement by destroying a measurement target, a semiconductor devicewhich has been manufactured in the semiconductor manufacturing processcannot be non-destructively measured on site.

In recent years, analytical instrument manufacturers have beendeveloping transmission type small-angle scattering devices as disclosedin Patent Literature 1 for the purpose of applying them to structuralmeasurement of semiconductor devices, but these devices have not yetbeen put into practical use under the present circumstances.

CITATION LIST Patent Literature

Patent Literature 1: Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2017-125848

SUMMARY OF INVENTION Technical Problem

The present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances,and has an object to provide a transmission type small-angle scatteringdevice that can non-destructively and efficiently measure even a fineshape of a semiconductor device having a complicated structure on amanufacturing process site.

Solution to Problem

A transmission type small-angle scattering device according to thepresent invention comprises: a sample holder in which a sample as aninspection target is placed; a sample positioning mechanism for movingthe sample holder; a goniometer including a rotation arm; an X-rayirradiation unit installed on the rotation arm; and a two-dimensionalX-ray detector installed on the rotation arm. The rotation arm is freelyturnable around a θ-axis extending in a horizontal direction from anorigin with a vertical arrangement state of the rotation arm beingdefined as the origin; the X-ray irradiation unit is installed on alower-side end portion of the rotation arm; the two-dimensional X-raydetector is installed on an upper-side end portion of the rotation arm;the X-ray irradiation unit irradiates the sample placed in the sampleholder with focused X-rays from a lower side of the sample; and thetwo-dimensional X-ray detector detects scatter X-rays generated aroundthe focused X-rays transmitted through the sample at a position abovethe sample.

Such a vertical arrangement structure makes it possible to install thetransmission type small-angle scattering device even on a floor surfacehaving a relatively small area.

Here, the rotation arm may comprise a plurality of arm members, and maybe configured so that one of the plurality of arm members is fixed to a0 rotation axis of the goniometer, and the other arm members slide withrespect to the arm member fixed to the 0 rotation axis to overlap andfit the fixed arm member.

By folding up the respective arm members as described above, the totallength can be shortened and a compact form can be obtained.

Further, the sample holder may be formed inside a sample holding frame,the inside of the sample holding frame may serve as an X-raytransmission hole, and the sample holder may be configured to supportthe sample while facing the X-ray transmission hole.

Still further, suction support pieces may be provided on an innerperipheral edge of the sample holding frame so as to protrude inwardfrom a plurality of places of the inner peripheral edge, and configuredto suck and support a part of an outer peripheral edge portion of thesample.

Such a configuration makes it possible to support the sample withouttouching a wide region of the back surface of the sample.

In addition, since almost the entire region of the sample except forsome minute regions supported by the suction support pieces can beirradiated with X-rays from the X-ray irradiation unit through the X-raytransmission hole, a wide measurable region can be secured.

The sample positioning mechanism may include an in-plane rotationmechanism for causing the sample supported by the sample holder torotate within a plane, a Y-axis moving mechanism for moving the sampleholder in a longitudinal direction, an X-axis moving mechanism formoving the sample holder in a lateral direction, a Z-axis movingmechanism for moving the sample holder in a vertical direction, and aswing mechanism for swinging the sample holder, the Z-axis movingmechanism may include a guide member and a sliding member which arecombined with each other in a wedge-like shape and configured so thatthe sliding member is pushed up when the guide member moves in onedirection, whereas the sliding member is descended when the guide membermoves in an opposite direction. The sample holder moves in the verticaldirection together with the sliding member.

According to this configuration, since the sliding contact state isalways maintained without rattling between the guide member and thesliding member which are combined with each other in a wedge-like shape,the sample holder can be accurately moved in the vertical direction andpositioned at a desired height position.

The transmission type small-angle scattering device may further comprisean external housing for covering the periphery of the transmission typesmall-angle scattering device. The external housing may include ahousing main body and one or a plurality of housing element members, thehousing element members may be freely movable in a vertical directionwith respect to the housing main body, and the housing element membersmay be configured to be capable of setting a form in which the housingelement members are overlapped with the housing main body and folded up,and a form in which the housing element members are protracted from thehousing main body.

By setting the state where the housing element members are overlappedwith the housing main body and folded up, a compact form having a smallheight dimension can be set, and a transportation work and aninstallation work of the external housing can be extremely easilyperformed.

As described above, according to the present invention, the X-rayirradiation unit and the two-dimensional X-ray detector are installed onthe rotation arm of the goniometer to form a vertical arrangementstructure, so that the transmission type small-angle scattering devicecan be installed even on a floor having a relatively small area. As aresult, even a fine shape of a semiconductor device having a complicatedstructure can be measured nondestructively and efficiently on site inthe manufacturing process.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

FIG. 1A is a side configuration diagram schematically showing an overallstructure of a transmission type small-angle scattering device accordingto an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 1B is also a frontconfiguration diagram.

FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the transmissiontype small-angle scattering device according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 3 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the transmissiontype small-angle scattering device according to the embodiment of thepresent invention when viewed from a direction different from that ofFIG. 2.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a rotation arm ofa goniometer constituting the transmission type small-angle scatteringdevice according to the embodiment of the present invention andcomponents to be installed in the rotation arm.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing a state in which the rotation armof the goniometer shown in FIG. 4 is folded to shorten the total length.

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an optical system configuredbetween an X-ray irradiation unit and a two-dimensional X-ray detector.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a sample stageconstituting the transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan view showing a sample holder for supporting asample and an in-plane rotation mechanism.

FIG. 9 is an enlarged perspective view showing the sample holder forsupporting the sample and the in-plane rotation mechanism.

FIG. 10A is a perspective view showing an X-axis moving mechanism, aY-axis moving mechanism, and a Z-axis moving mechanism. FIG. 10B is aconfiguration diagram schematically showing a guide member and a slidingmember.

FIG. 11 is a perspective view showing a χ-axis swing mechanism.

FIG. 12 is a longitudinally sectional view showing the sample stage.

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a state in which the transmissiontype small-angle scattering device according to the embodiment of thepresent invention is covered with an external housing.

FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a state in which the externalhousing according to the embodiment of the present invention is folded.

FIG. 15A is a left side view showing a state in which the transmissiontype small-angle scattering device according to the embodiment of thepresent invention is covered with the external housing. FIG. 15B is alsoa plan view.

FIG. 16 is a longitudinally sectional view showing a state in which thetransmission type small-angle scattering device according to theembodiment of the present invention is covered with the externalhousing.

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a semiconductorinspection device incorporating the transmission type small-anglescattering device according to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a control system of the transmissiontype small-angle scattering device according to the embodiment of thepresent invention.

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an execution procedure of a measurementoperation by the transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to the embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 20A is a front configuration diagram schematically showing aconfiguration example relating to means for measuring an inclination ofa semiconductor wafer.

FIG. 20B is a side configuration diagram schematically showing anotherconfiguration example relating to the means for measuring theinclination of the semiconductor wafer.

REFERENCE SIGNS LIST

S: sample, P: measurement position, 10: goniometer, 11: rotation arm,12: first arm member, 13: second arm member, 14: third arm member, 12 a,13 a: guide rail, 15: lower holding member, 16: upper holding member,17: support member, 20: X-ray irradiation unit, 21: X-ray tube, 22:focusing mirror, 23: aperture, 24: guard slit, 25: slit, 30:two-dimensional X-ray detector, 31: direct beam stopper, 32: vacuumpath, 35: optical microscope, 36: laser inclination measuring device, 36a: laser light source, 36 b: laser detector, 37: moving table, 40:sample stage, 41: frame body, 42: sample holder, 43: cavity, 50: baseframe, 51: X-axis moving frame, 52: χ-axis rotating table, 52 a:bearing, 53: Y-axis moving table, 54: Z-axis driving table, 55: Z-axismoving table, 56: sample holding frame, 57: X-ray transmission hole, 58:suction support piece, 59: vacuum nozzle, 60: rotation guide portion,61: rotation support portion, 62: support roller, 63: driven-sidepulley, 64: in-plane rotation drive motor, 65: drive-side pulley, 66:drive belt, 67: X-axis drive motor, 68: ball screw, 69: screw shaft, 70:nut member, 71: guide rail, 72: slider, 73: bearing, 74: swing supportshaft, 75: Y-axis drive motor, 76: ball screw, 77: screw shaft, 78:bearing, 79: nut member, 80: Z-axis drive motor, 81: guide member, 82:sliding member, 83: guide rail, 84: slider, 85: χ-axis drive motor, 86:driving force transmission belt, 87: worm, 88: worm wheel, 89:drive-side pulley, 90: driven-side pulley, 91: guide rail, 92: slider,93: guide rail, 94: slider, 95: ball screw, 96: nut member, 100: centralprocessing unit, 101: X-ray irradiation controller, 102: imagerecognition circuit, 103: focus controller, 104: positioning controller,105: goniometer controller, 106: storage unit, 107: detection controlcircuit, 110: sample positioning mechanism, 200: external housing, 201:housing main body, 202, 203: housing element member, 210, 211: guiderail, 220: shielding panel, 300: fan filter unit, 310: substrate feedingdevice (EFEM), 320: electrical component portion

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described indetail with reference to the drawings.

[Overview]

First, an outline of a transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to an embodiment of the present invention will be described.

When a sample is irradiated with an X-ray beam, X-rays are scattered ina small angle region (small angle region) near a traveling direction ofthe X-ray beam. This scattering is called small-angle scattering, and aparticle size, a periodic structure, etc. relating to a substance can beknown by measuring the small-angle scattering. Further, in recent years,development of an analysis method for obtaining various information onthin films forming semiconductor devices by this small-angle scatteringmeasurement has been promoted.

A device for measuring this small-angle scattering is a small-anglescattering device.

As the small-angle scattering device are known a reflection typesmall-angle scattering device for irradiating the surface of a samplewith X-rays and detecting scatter X-rays reflected from the surface ofthe sample, and a transmission type small-angle scattering device forirradiating the back surface of a sample with X-rays and detectingscatter X-rays emitted from the front surface of the sample.

The present invention relates to a transmission type small-anglescattering device. This transmission type small-angle scattering devicehas a basic structure in which an X-ray source and a two-dimensionalX-ray detector are arranged so as to face each other with interposing asample therebetween, the back surface of the sample is irradiated withX-rays from the X-ray source, and scatter X-rays radiated from the frontsurface of the sample at a specific angle are detected by atwo-dimensional X-ray detector.

Conventionally, a general small-angle scattering device has a horizontallayout structure in which an X-ray source and a two-dimensional X-raydetector are horizontally arranged, so that it needs a largeinstallation area.

On the other hand, the transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to the present embodiment can be installed on a floor surfacehaving a limited area in a clean room where a semiconductormanufacturing line is constructed, so that the transmission typesmall-angle scattering device has a vertical layout structure in whichthe X-ray source and the two-dimensional X-rays detector are arrangedvertically.

[Overall Structure]

FIG. 1A is a side configuration diagram schematically showing theoverall structure of the transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to the embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 1B isalso a front configuration diagram. FIGS. 2 and 3 are perspective viewsof the appearance of the transmission type small-angle scattering devicewhen viewed from different directions.

The transmission type small-angle scattering device according to thepresent embodiment includes a goniometer 10. The goniometer 10 has afunction of rotationally driving a rotation arm 11 around a θ-axisextending in a horizontal direction. The rotation arm 11 includes anX-ray irradiation unit 20 and a two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 whichare installed at both end portions thereof. Here, a vertical arrangementstate in which the rotation arm 11 is vertically arranged is defined asan origin. The X-ray irradiation unit 20 is installed at a lower endportion, and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 is installed at anupper end portion. Such a vertical arrangement structure enables thetransmission type small-angle scattering device to be installed even ona floor surface having a relatively small area.

The X-ray irradiation unit 20 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30are arranged so as to face each other with interposing a sample stage 40therebetween, and configured so that the X-ray irradiation unit 20irradiates a sample S supported by a sample holder 42 of the samplestage 40 with X-rays from the lower side of the sample S, and thetwo-dimensional X-ray detector 30 detects scatter X-rays generated in aminute angle region around the X-rays transmitted through the sample S.

Here, as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a cavity 43 through which X-raysemitted from the X-ray irradiation unit 20 is transmitted is formed inthe sample stage 40, and the back surface of the sample S is irradiatedwith X-rays through this cavity 43.

A cylindrical vacuum path 32 is installed in the rotation arm 11 of thegoniometer 10. The vacuum path 32 has a function of eliminating airscattering occurring when X-rays transmitted through the sample Scollide with air, thereby improving the measurement accuracy ofsmall-angle scattering.

The sample stage 40 is configured so that it is driven by a samplepositioning mechanism described later to move the sample holder 42 in alongitudinal direction (Y direction) and a lateral direction (Xdirection) parallel to the horizontal plane, and in a vertical direction(Z direction) perpendicular to the horizontal plane respectively,thereby positioning an inspection target point of the sample S at ameasurement position P of the transmission type small-angle scatteringdevice.

Further, the sample positioning mechanism has a function of causing thesample S supported by the sample holder 42 to perform in-plane rotation(φ-rotation). The sample positioning mechanism has also a function ofcausing the sample S supported by the sample holder 42 to swing aroundthe χ-axis (χ-swing). This χ-axis intersects the θ-axis of thegoniometer 10 at right angles in the horizontal plane. The intersectionbetween the θ-axis and the χ-axis is positioned so as to match themeasurement position P of the transmission type small-angle scatteringdevice.

The sample stage 40 is supported by the frame body 41 as shown in FIGS.2 and 3. The frame body 41 and the rotation arm 11 of the goniometer 10are adjusted in mutual positional relation so as not to interfere witheach other.

Further, the transmission type small-angle scattering device accordingto the present embodiment includes an optical microscope 35 forrecognizing the surface of the sample S. The optical microscope 35 isinstalled at a position where it does not interfere with surroundingcomponents such as parts driven by the sample positioning mechanism, theX-ray irradiation unit 20 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 tobe rotated by the goniometer 10.

The sample S can be moved to a lower position of the optical microscope35 by the sample positioning mechanism.

[Rotation Arm of Goniometer and Components to be Installed in the SameArm]

Next, the detailed configurations of the rotation arm of the goniometerand respective components to be installed in the rotation arm will bedescribed mainly with reference to FIGS. 4 and 5.

FIG. 4 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the rotation armof the goniometer constituting the transmission type small-anglescattering device according to the present embodiment and the componentsto be installed in the rotation arm. FIG. 5 is a perspective viewshowing a state in which the rotation arm of the goniometer shown inFIG. 4 is folded to shorten the total length.

The rotation arm 11 of the goniometer 10 includes a plurality of armmembers. The rotation arm 11 of the present embodiment shown in FIGS. 4and 5 includes first, second, and third arm members 12, 13, and 14, andthe first arm member 12 is fixed to a θ-rotation shaft (θ-axis in FIG.1A) of the goniometer 10.

The rotation arm 11 of the goniometer 10 is configured so that thesecond arm member 13 slides in the longitudinal direction with respectto the first arm member 12, and the third arm member 14 slides in thelongitudinal direction with respect to the second arm member 13, wherebythe arm members 12, 13 and 14 are overlapped with and fitted to oneanother, whereby they are set to folded up as shown in FIG. 5.

By folding up the respective arm members 12, 13 and 14 as describedabove, the total length can be shortened and the rotation arm 11 can bearranged in a compact form.

By arranging the rotation arm 11 in the compact form shown in FIG. 5, atransportation work and an installation work on site can be extremelyeasily performed, and it is possible to realize shortening of work timesrequired for these works and reduction of labors required for theseworks.

Specifically, a guide rail 12 a is provided in the longitudinaldirection on the surface of the first arm member 12, and the second armmember 13 is freely slidable along the guide rail 12 a. Likewise, aguide rail 13 a is provided in the longitudinal direction on the surfaceof the second arm member 13, and the third arm member 14 is freelyslidable along the guide rail 13 a.

The rotation arm 11 is provided with a lock mechanism (not shown) forkeeping each of a state in which the respective arm members 12, 13, and14 are unfolded to extend the total length as shown in FIG. 4 and astate in which the respective arm members 12, 13, and 14 are folded upto shorten the total length as shown in FIG. 5.

A lower holding member 15 for installing the X-ray irradiation unit 20is provided at a lower end portion of the first arm member 12. The X-rayirradiation unit 20 is fixed to the lower holding member 15. The lowerholding member 15 is incorporated with a slide mechanism (not shown) formoving and adjusting the fixed position of the X-ray irradiation unit 20in the longitudinal direction.

Further, an upper holding member 16 for installing the two-dimensionalX-ray detector 30 is provided at an upper end portion of the third armmember 14. The two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 is fixed to the upperholding member 16. The upper holding member 16 is also incorporated witha slide mechanism (not shown) for moving and adjusting the fixedposition of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 in the longitudinaldirection.

When installing the device on site, it is possible to install the deviceaccording to a preset specification by moving and adjusting the X-rayirradiation unit 20 and the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30.

Further, a direct beam stopper 31 is installed in front of thetwo-dimensional X-ray detector 30 on the upper holding member 16. Thedirect beam stopper 31 has a function of shielding X-rays that havepassed through the sample S from the X-ray irradiation unit 20 andtravelled straight, and preventing the X-rays from entering thetwo-dimensional X-ray detector 30.

As described above, the rotation arm 11 is also equipped with the vacuumpath 32. Each of the arm members 12, 13 and 14 is provided with asupport member 17 for supporting the vacuum path 32. The vacuum path 32is supported by these support members 17 and is arranged on an opticalpath of X-rays that have passed through the sample S and scatter X-raysgenerated around the X-rays. The upper end surface of the vacuum path 32is positioned in the vicinity of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30.

The scatter X-rays that have passed through the sample S spread radiallyand reach the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30. Therefore, the vacuumpath 32 is configured so that the diameter of a lower end surfacethereof facing the sample S is reduced and the diameter thereof isstepwise increased toward an upper end surface thereof.

The inside of this vacuum path 32 is hermetically sealed to form avacuum state therein, and both the end surfaces of the vacuum path 32are formed of a material such as carbon, boron carbide, or Kapton, whichhas a small X-ray absorption rate. As a result, the vacuum path 32 cantransmit therethrough the X-rays and scatter X-rays that have passedthrough the sample S, and prevent occurrence of air scattering.

[Optical System Including X-Ray Irradiation Unit and Two-DimensionalX-Ray Detector]

FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing an optical system configuredbetween the X-ray irradiation unit and the two-dimensional X-raydetector.

The X-ray irradiation unit 20 includes components such as an X-ray tube21, a focusing mirror 22, and an aperture 23. Further, a guard slit 24is arranged in front of the sample S.

As the X-ray tube 21 is used an X-ray tube in which the electron beamfocal size on a target is equal to 70 μm or less, preferably 40 μm orless. Copper (Cu), molybdenum (Mo), silver (Ag), gold (Au) or the likecan be selected as a target material, but in the case of thetransmission type, high-energy X-rays capable of transmitting through anSi wafer which is the substrate are required, and thus it is desirableto use molybdenum (Mo) or silver (Ag) that meets this condition.

As the focusing mirror 22 may be adopted a side-by-side type focusingmirror 22 in which two multilayer mirrors each having a multilayerformed on the surface thereof are arranged in an L shape and integratedwith each other. Further, a Kirkpatrick Baez type focusing mirror inwhich two multilayer mirrors are arranged independently of each othermay be adopted.

The focusing mirror 22 is adjusted so as to focus on the detectionsurface of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30, and has a function offocusing X-rays on a rectangular spot of 100 μm or less, preferably 50μm or less lengthwise and breadthwise at the focal point.

The aperture 23 has a function of shielding leaked light generated whenthe X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube 21 are not incident to thefocusing mirror 22 and pass to the outside as they are. The X-raysemitted from the X-ray tube 21 are passed through the aperture 23 whileleaked light is shielded by the aperture 23, and then monochromatizedand focused by the focusing mirror 22.

The guard slit 24 is a single crystal pinhole slit formed of a singlecrystal of germanium, and it is supported by a slit support member (notshown) provided on the rotation arm 11 and arranged in front of thesample S.

Normal slits have a disadvantage that when X-rays impinge on them,parasitic scattering occurs to intensify the background. On the otherhand, the guard slit 24 formed of a single crystal of germanium canreduce parasitic scattering and suppress the background.

Note that a slit 25 for further reducing the cross-sectional area ofX-rays may be arranged between the focusing mirror 22 and the guard slit24.

The X-rays emitted from the X-ray tube 21 are incident to the focusingmirror 22 while shielding the leaked light by the aperture 23. Then, theX-rays that have been monochromatized and focused by the focusing mirror22 are narrowed in cross-sectional area by the guard slit 24 and appliedto an inspection point having a small area on the sample S.

Subsequently, the X-rays transmitted through the sample S and thescatter X-rays generated in a small angle region around the X-raystravel to the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 through the vacuum path32 shown in FIG. 4. Out of these X-rays, the X-rays that have passedthrough the sample S from the X-ray irradiation unit 20 and traveledstraight are shielded by the direct beam stopper 31 provided in front ofthe two-dimensional X-ray detector 30. As a result, only the scatterX-rays generated in the small angle region of the X-rays are incident tothe two-dimensional X-ray detector 30.

Here, the distance L1 from the focal point of the X-ray tube 21 to thesample S affects the focused area of the X-rays to be applied to thesample S. In other words, as the distance L1 is longer, the focused areaof the X-rays to be applied to the sample S is smaller. Further, in thetransmission type small-angle scattering device, the distance L2 fromthe sample S to the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 is referred to asa camera length, and this camera length L2 affects the angularresolution of the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30. In other words, asthe camera length L2 is longer, the angular resolution is more improved.

However, in the transmission type small-angle scattering device arrangedvertically as in the present embodiment, there is a limit in securing along distance L1 and a long camera length L2. Therefore, it ispreferable that these dimensions are appropriately determined incomprehensive consideration of the environment at the site where thedevice is installed, the focused area of X-rays on the sample S, and theangular resolution.

As described above, the rotation arm 11 is configured so that the secondarm member 13 slides in the longitudinal direction with respect to thefirst arm member 12, and the third arm member 14 slides in thelongitudinal direction with respect to the second arm member 13.Therefore, the camera length L2 can be arbitrarily set by appropriatelyadjusting the respective slide positions of the sliding arm members 13and 14.

Note that the rotation arm 11 may be provided with a position adjustingmechanism for moving the X-ray irradiation unit 20 in the optical axisdirection of X-rays to arbitrarily change the distance L1. Further, aposition adjusting mechanism for moving the two-dimensional X-raydetector 30 in the optical axis direction of X-rays to arbitrarilychange the camera length L2 may be installed in the rotation arm 11.

[Sample Stage]

Next, the detailed structure of the sample stage will be describedmainly with reference to FIGS. 7 to 12.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the appearance of the sample stageconstituting the transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to the present embodiment. FIG. 8 is an enlarged plan viewshowing the sample holder for supporting the sample, and FIGS. 9 to 11are perspective views of different sites of the sample stage when thedifferent sites are focused on in order to describe the samplepositioning mechanism, and FIG. 12 is a longitudinally sectional viewshowing the sample stage.

As described above, the sample stage 40 includes the sample holder 42for supporting the sample S and the sample positioning mechanism fordriving the sample holder 42.

The sample positioning mechanism includes an in-plane rotation mechanismfor causing the sample S supported by the sample holder 42 to performin-plane rotation ((p-rotation), a Y-axis moving mechanism for movingthe sample holder 42 in the longitudinal direction (Y-axis direction)parallel to the surface of the sample S supported by the sample holder42, an X-axis moving mechanism for moving the sample holder 42 in thelateral direction (X-axis direction) parallel to the surface of thesample S supported by the sample holder 42, a Z-axis moving mechanismfor moving the sample holder in the vertical direction (Z-axisdirection) perpendicular to the surface of the sample S supported by thesample holder 42, and a χ-axis swing mechanism for swinging the sampleholder 42 around the χ-axis.

Here, as shown in FIG. 7, the sample stage 40 is configured such that anX-axis moving frame 51 is installed on a base frame 50, a χ-axisrotating table 52 is installed on the X-axis moving frame 51, a Y-axismoving table 53 is installed on the χ-axis rotating table 52, a Z-axisdriving table 54 and a Z-axis moving table 55 are installed on theY-axis moving table 53, and a sample holding frame 56 forming the sampleholder 42 is installed on the Z-axis moving table 55.

As shown in FIG. 8, the sample holder 42 is formed inside a circularsample holding frame 56. The inside of the sample holding frame 56serves as an X-ray transmission hole 57, and is configured so as tosupport the sample S in a state where the sample S faces the X-raytransmission hole 57. Suction support pieces 58 are provided on theinner peripheral edge of the sample holding frame 56 so as to protrudeinward from a plurality of locations (4 locations in the figure).

A part of the outer peripheral edge portion of the sample S is placed onthe upper surfaces of the suction support pieces 58, and vacuum-suckedonto the upper surfaces of the suction support pieces 58. Note that avacuum nozzle 59 is opened on the upper surface of each suction supportpiece 58, and the vacuum nozzles 59 are vacuum-sucked by a vacuumsuction device (not shown).

The X-ray transmission hole 57 formed inside the sample holding frame 56communicates with the cavity 43 of the sample stage 40 shown in FIGS. 1Aand 1B (see FIG. 12). The X-rays emitted from the X-ray irradiation unit20 are passed through the X-ray transmission hole 57 from the cavity 43,and applied to the back surface of the sample S supported by the suctionsupport pieces 58.

The conventional X-ray inspection device has a general configuration inwhich the sample holder 42 is formed of a material having a low X-rayabsorption rate such as Kapton, and the entire back surface of thesample S is arranged in close contact with the upper surface of thesample holder 42. However, for example, when a semiconductor deviceformed on a semiconductor wafer is an inspection target, the backsurface of the semiconductor wafer may come into contact with the sampleholder 42 formed of a material such as Kapton, and be contaminated.

According to the sample holder 42 of the present embodiment, withrespect to the back surface of the sample S, only a limited part of theouter peripheral edge thereof is in contact with the suction supportpieces 58, so that the sample S can be supported without touching acentral portion of a semiconductor wafer on which a circuit pattern isformed.

In addition, almost the entire region of the sample S except for partialminute regions supported by the suction support pieces 58 can beirradiated with X-rays from the X-ray irradiation unit 20 through thecavity 43 and the X-ray transmission hole 57, so that a wide measurableregion can be secured. With respect to the partial minute regionssupported by the suction support pieces 58, the partial minute regionscan be also irradiated with X-rays by changing the suction positionsthereof with a sample S transport robot.

Next, the in-plane rotation mechanism will be described in detail mainlywith reference to FIGS. 8 and 9.

The sample holding frame 56 constituting the sample holder 42 has arotation guide portion 60 formed at a circular outer peripheral edgeportion thereof, and the rotation guide portion 60 is supported so as tobe freely rotatable within a plane by rotation support portions 61 whichare provided at a plurality of locations (four locations in the figure)on the upper surface of the Z-axis moving table 55. Each rotationsupport portion 61 supports the rotation guide portion 60 from the upperand lower sides by a pair of upper and lower support rollers 62.

A driven-side pulley 63 is formed on the sample holding frame 56.Further, an in-plane rotation drive motor 64 is installed on the Z-axismoving table 55, and a drive belt 66 is looped between a drive-sidepulley 65 provided on a drive shaft of the in-plane rotation drive motor64 and the driven-side pulley 63 of the sample holding frame 56.

The in-plane rotation mechanism is configured by these components of therotation guide portion 60, the rotation support portions 61, thein-plane rotation drive motor 64, the drive-side pulley 65, thedriven-side pulley 63, and the drive belt 66. In other words, therotational driving force from the in-plane rotation drive motor 64 istransmitted to the sample holding frame 56 via the drive belt 66. Therotation driving force causes the sample holding frame 56 supported bythe rotation support portions 61 to rotate within a plane.

Next, the X-axis moving mechanism, the Y-axis moving mechanism, and theZ-axis moving mechanism will be described in detail mainly withreference to FIG. 10A.

The X-axis moving frame 51 is installed on the base frame 50 via theX-axis moving mechanism.

The X-axis moving mechanism includes an X-axis drive motor 67, a ballscrew 68, guide rails 71, and sliders 72.

The X-axis drive motor 67, a screw shaft 69 of the ball screw 68, andthe guide rail 71 are installed on the base frame 50.

The guide rails 71 extend in the X-axis direction, and the sliders 72are freely movable along the guide rails 71. The guide rail 71 isinstalled at each of both end portions of the base frame 50, and thesliders 72 which are combined with the respective guide rails 71 supportthe X-axis moving frame 51 so as to be freely movable.

The screw shaft 69 of the ball screw 68 is freely rotatably supported bya bearing 73 provided on the base frame 50, and extends in the X-axisdirection. The screw shaft 69 is connected to a rotary drive shaft ofthe X-axis drive motor 67, and is rotationally driven by the rotationaldriving force of the motor 67.

A nut member 70 is engaged with the screw shaft 69, and the nut member70 moves in the X-axis direction as the screw shaft 69 rotates. The nutmember 70 is fixed to the X-axis moving frame 51, and the X-axis movingframe 51 moves integrally with the nut member 70 in the X-axisdirection.

As shown in FIGS. 10A and 7, the X-axis moving frame 51 is provided witha pair of bearings 52 a at both end portions thereof, and the χ-axisrotating table 52 is installed so as to be freely swingable via swingsupport shafts 74 which are freely swingably supported by these bearings52 a. The Y-axis moving table 53 is installed on the χ-axis rotatingtable 52 via the Y-axis moving mechanism.

The Y-axis moving mechanism includes a Y-axis drive motor 75, a ballscrew 76, and guide rails 91 and sliders 92 shown in FIG. 12. The guiderail 91 is provided at each of both end portions of the χ-axis rotatingtable 52, and extends in the Y-axis direction. The slider 92 is freelymovably combined with each guide rail 91, and the Y-axis moving table 53is supported by these sliders 92.

The Y-axis drive motor 75 and a screw shaft 77 of the ball screw 76 areinstalled on the side wall of the χ-axis rotating table 52. The screwshaft 77 of the ball screw 76 is freely rotatably supported by a bearing78 provided on the side wall of the χ-axis rotating table 52, andextends in the Y-axis direction. The screw shaft 77 is connected to therotational drive shaft of the Y-axis drive motor 75, and is rotationallydriven by the rotational driving force of the motor 75.

A nut member 79 is engaged with the screw shaft 77, and the nut member79 moves in the Y-axis direction as the screw shaft 77 rotates. The nutmember 79 is fixed to the Y-axis moving table 53, and the Y-axis movingtable 53 moves integrally with the nut member 79 in the Y-axisdirection.

Further, the Z-axis driving table 54 is installed on the Y-axis movingtable 53.

Guide rails 93 extending in the Y-axis direction are installed on theY-axis moving table 53, and sliders 94 are combined with the guide rails93 (see FIG. 12). The Z-axis driving table 54 is installed on the Y-axismoving table 53 while supported by the sliders 94.

Further, a ball screw 95 shown in FIG. 12 and a Z-axis drive motor 80shown in FIG. 10A are installed on the Y-axis moving table 53, and ascrew shaft of the ball screw 95 is connected to the rotational driveshaft of the motor 80. The screw shaft is freely rotatably supported onthe Y-axis moving table 53 by a bearing (not shown).

The nut member 96 shown in FIG. 12 is engaged with the screw shaft, andthe nut member 96 moves in the Y-axis direction as the screw shaftrotates. The nut member 96 is fixed to the Z-axis driving table 54, andthe Z-axis driving table 54 moves integrally with the nut member 96 inthe Y-axis direction.

The Z-axis moving table 55 is supported on the Z-axis driving table 54via guide members 81 and sliding members 82 that are combined in awedge-like shape as shown in FIG. 10B.

The guide member 81 is installed at each of both end portions of theZ-axis driving table 54. The sliding members 82 which are respectivelycombined with the guide members 81 are fixed to the bottom surface ofthe Z-axis moving table 55.

Guide rails 83 extending in the Z-axis direction are installed at bothend portions of the Y-axis moving table 53, and sliders 84 which arecombined with the guide rails 83 are fixed to the Z-axis moving table55. As a result, the Z-axis moving table 55 is freely movable in theZ-axis direction integrally with the sliders 84 along the guide rails83.

When the Z-axis driving table 54 moves in one direction of the Y-axisupon reception of the rotational driving force of the Z-axis drive motor80, the guide members 81 also move integrally in the same direction.Along with this movement, the sliding members 82 which are combined withthe guide members 81 in the wedge-like shape are pushed up in the Z-axisdirection. Further, when the Z-axis driving table 54 moves in theopposite direction, the guide members also move integrally in the samedirection, and the sliding members 82 which are combined with the guidemembers 81 in the wedge-like shape descend. As a result, the Z-axismoving table 55 moves in the vertical direction along the guide rails83.

Since the guide member 81 and the sliding member 82 which are combinedwith each other in the wedge-like shape are always kept in a slidingcontact state without rattling, the sample holder 42 can be accuratelymoved in the vertical direction and positioned to a desired heightposition.

Next, the χ-axis swing mechanism will be described in detail mainly withreference to FIG. 11.

The χ-axis swing mechanism is incorporated between the X-axis movingframe 51 and the χ-axis rotating table 52. In other words, the χ-axisswing mechanism includes a χ-axis drive motor 85, a driving forcetransmission belt 86, a worm 87, and a worm wheel 88.

The fan-shaped worm wheel 88 is provided at a position below the bearing52 a provided at one end portion of the X-axis moving frame 51, and thepitch circle thereof is positioned on the same axis as the swing supportshaft 74 supported by the bearing 52 a.

The χ-axis drive motor 85 and the worm 87 are installed on the outersurface of the side wall of the χ-axis rotating table 52. A drivingforce transmission belt 86 is wound between a drive-side pulley 89provided on the rotational driving shaft of the χ-axis drive motor 85and a driven-side pulley 90 provided on the rotating shaft of the worm87. As a result, the rotational driving force from the χ-axis drivemotor 85 is transmitted to the worm 87 via the driving forcetransmission belt 86. This rotational driving force causes the worm 87to rotate and turn along the pitch circle of the worm wheel 88, and theχ-axis rotating table 52 rotates around the swing support shaft 74integrally with the worm 87. The central axis of the swing support shaft74 is positioned so as to match the χ-axis shown in FIG. 1B.

The optical axis angle of incident X-rays with respect to the sample Ssupported by the sample holder 42 can be arbitrarily changed by drivingthe above-mentioned χ-axis swing mechanism and the rotation arm 11 ofthe goniometer 10.

As shown in FIG. 12, the sample stage 40 of the present embodiment isconfigured so that the cross-sectional area of the cavity 43 isincreased from an upper end opening portion 43 a communicating with theX-ray transmission hole 57 of the sample holding frame 56 to a lower endopening portion 43 b through which incident X-rays are taken in. As aresult, an angle range in which the incident X-rays can be inclinedwithout being blocked by members around the cavity 43 (that is, an anglerange in which the optical axis of the incident X-rays with respect tothe sample S can be inclined) is widened, and thus it is possible toflexibly adapt to various measurement conditions.

For example, in a dimensional example shown in FIG. 12, the optical axisof X-rays incident from the vertical direction can be inclined at anangle of 20° or less with respect to a semiconductor wafer (sample S) of150 mm in radius.

[Structure of External Housing]

FIG. 13 is a perspective view showing a state in which the transmissiontype small-angle scattering device according to the present embodimentis covered with an external housing. FIG. 15A is also a left-side view,FIG. 15B is also a plan view, and FIG. 16 is also a longitudinallysectional view. FIG. 14 is a perspective view showing a state in whichthe external housing is folded.

Generally, a transmission type small-angle scattering device usingX-rays is installed in a state in which the periphery thereof is coveredwith an external housing for protection against X-rays.

The transmission type small-angle scattering device 1 according to thepresent embodiment has a vertically elongated structure in order toirradiate the sample S supported by the sample holder 42 with X-rays inthe vertical direction (see FIGS. 1A to 3). Therefore, as shown in FIG.13, the external housing 200 also has a vertically elongated structure.

Here, in the present embodiment, the external housing 200 includes ahousing main body 201 and a plurality of housing element members 202 and203, and is configured so that each of the housing element members 202and 203 is freely movable in the vertical direction with respect to thehousing main body 201.

Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 15A and 15B, the housing element member202 on the middle stage is freely movable in the vertical directionalong guide rails 210 with respect to the housing main body 201, andfurther the housing element member 203 on the upper stage is freelymovable in the vertical direction along guide rails 211 with respect tothe housing element member 202.

The driving force from a drive motor (not shown) is transmitted to eachof the housing element members 202 and 203 via a drive mechanism (notshown) to drive the housing element members 202 and 203 in the verticaldirection.

When the external housing 200 is transported or installed on site, asshown in FIG. 14, both the housing element members 202 and 203 are movedto a lower position and set to be overlapped with one another and foldedup inside the housing main body 201. As described above, the externalhousing 200 is set to be in a compact form having a small heightdimension, so that a transportation work and an installation work of theexternal housing 200 can be extremely easily performed, and it ispossible to realize shortening of the work times required for theseworks and reduction of labors for these works.

If the external housing 200 is configured so that the respective housingelement members 202 and 203 are disassembled from the housing main body201, a disassembling/assembling work would be troublesome because theexternal housing 200 is a heavy object. However, as described above, theexternal housing 200 is configured so that the housing element members202 and 203 are driven in the vertical direction with the driving forceof the drive motor, whereby the disassembling/assembling work on site isnot required, and the installation work and the removal work on site canbe further easily performed.

Note that in FIGS. 13 to 15A, a part or all of the wall surface coveringthe transmission type small-angle scattering device is omitted in orderto visually recognize the inside of the external housing 200. Further, asubstrate feeding device 310 is juxtaposed with the external housing 200in front of the external housing 200 as described later, and theexternal housing 200 is configured so as to have no wall surface on theside where the substrate feeding device 310 is juxtaposed, and thesubstrate feeding device 310 communicates with the inside of theexternal housing 200.

Further, as shown in FIG. 16, the internal space of the external housing200 is vertically partitioned into upper and lower spaces by shieldingpanels 220 which are horizontally arranged above the sample stage 40.The lower space partitioned by the shielding panels 220 (that is, thelower space in which the sample stage 40 is installed) is supplied withair from which dust has been removed with high accuracy in a fan filterunit 300 juxtaposed outside the external housing 200. As a result, thelower space becomes a clean space with extremely little dust, and it ispossible to prevent dust from adhering to the semiconductor wafer(sample S) supported by the sample holder 42.

The shielding panels 220 block the upward flow of air from the fanfilter unit 300, and realize an efficient and economical supply of airto the semiconductor wafer and its surroundings.

[Overall Structure as Semiconductor Inspection Device]

FIG. 17 is a perspective view showing the appearance of a semiconductorinspection device incorporating the transmission type small-anglescattering device according to the present embodiment.

As shown in FIG. 17, in addition to the fan filter unit 300 describedabove, a substrate feeding device (EFEM) 310 and an electrical componentportion 320 are juxtaposed with the external housing 200 outside theexternal housing 200 that covers the periphery of the transmission typesmall-angle scattering device, thereby constituting the semiconductorinspection device.

The substrate feeding device 310 has a function of automatically feedinga semiconductor wafer (sample S) as a measurement target to the sampleholder 42, and automatically carrying out a measured semiconductor waferfrom the sample holder 42. Note that the semiconductor wafer isautomatically carried out while it is stored in a hermetically sealedcassette (FOUP).

Further, in the electrical component portion 320 are installed a powersupply for supplying electric power to the transmission type small-anglescattering device and a computer for controlling the device.

Furthermore, the semiconductor inspection device is equipped withequipment for supplying utilities (not shown).

With these configurations, the semiconductor inspection deviceincorporated with the transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to the present embodiment automatically feeds thesemiconductor wafer and realizes execution of in-line automaticmeasurement in the middle of the semiconductor manufacturing process.

[Control System]

FIG. 18 is a block diagram showing a control system of the transmissiontype small-angle scattering device according to the present embodiment.

An X-ray irradiation controller 101 controls the X-ray irradiation unit20.

Further, an image of the sample S captured by the optical microscope 35is subjected to image recognition by an image recognition circuit 102.The optical microscope 35 and the image recognition circuit 102constitute image observing means for observing the image of the sample Splaced in the sample holder 42. Note that the focal position of theoptical microscope 35 is adjusted by a focus controller 103.

A positioning controller 104 drives and controls a sample positioningmechanism 110. In particular, when an inspection target point of thesample S is placed at a measurement position P of the device, thepositioning controller 104 drives and controls the sample positioningmechanism 110 based on the image of the sample S which has been capturedby the optical microscope 35 and recognized by the image recognitioncircuit 102.

The goniometer 10 is driven and controlled by a goniometer controller105.

Each of the components such as the X-ray irradiation controller 101, theimage recognition circuit 102, the focus controller 103, the positioningcontroller 104, and the goniometer controller 105 operates based onsetting information sent from a central processing unit 100. Here, thesetting information is prestored as a recipe in a storage unit 106, andit is read out by the central processing unit 100 and output to each ofthe above-mentioned components.

The two-dimensional X-ray detector 30 is controlled by a detectioncontrol circuit 107.

[Execution Procedure of Measurement Operation]

FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an execution procedure of a measurementoperation by the transmission type small-angle scattering deviceaccording to the present embodiment having the above-describedconfiguration.

Here, a measurement operation when a semiconductor wafer having acircuit pattern of a semiconductor device formed thereon is used as thesample S will be described.

Software for executing small-angle scattering measurement is prestoredin the storage unit 106, and the central processing unit 100 (CPU)executes the following processing steps according to the software.

After the semiconductor wafer which is the sample S as an inspectiontarget is sucked and supported by the sample holder 42, the positioningcontroller 104 first drives and controls the sample positioningmechanism 110 to place the semiconductor wafer at a position below theoptical microscope 35 (step S1).

Next, the surface of the semiconductor wafer is observed by the opticalmicroscope 35, and the image recognition circuit 102 recognizes a uniquepoint formed on the surface of the semiconductor wafer based on imagedata from the optical microscope 35 (step S2).

Here, the unique point formed on the surface of the semiconductor waferis prestored as a recipe in the storage unit 106. As the unique point isset a portion which the image recognition circuit 102 can recognizewithout confusion based on image information from the optical microscope35, such as a characteristic pattern shape formed on the surface of thesemiconductor wafer.

Next, the positioning controller 104 drives and controls the samplepositioning mechanism 110 to place a preset inspection target point atthe measurement position P of the device based on position informationof the inspection target point with the unique point recognized by theimage recognition circuit 102 being set as a reference (Step S3).

Subsequently, small-angle scattering measurement is executed (step S4),and the central processing unit 100 analyzes measurement data (step S5).

Here, for example, when performing shape analysis measurement such asanalysis of the tilt angle of a deep hole formed on the surface of thesemiconductor wafer, by driving the rotation arm 11 of the goniometer 10or by swinging the semiconductor wafer by the χ-axis swing mechanism,the optical axis angle of X-rays with respect to the semiconductor waferis changed, whereby the shape analysis on the tilt angle of the deephole, etc. can be performed.

Each of the steps S3 to S5 described above is executed on all inspectiontarget points set on the semiconductor wafer (step S6), and after thesmall-angle scattering measurement is executed on all the inspectiontarget points, the measurement operation is terminated.

[Measurement Example of Semiconductor Device and Inclination MeasuringMeans of Semiconductor Wafer]

A semiconductor device is usually formed on a semiconductor wafer, andscattering bodies as measurement targets are periodically arranged in adirection parallel to the principal plane of the semiconductor wafer.

Measurement targets include minute holes and pillars that constitute thesemiconductor device.

Semiconductor devices are evolving in miniaturization and highintegration day by day, and there are cases where the diameters of holesand pillars are several tens of nm and the depths (heights) thereof areseveral μm, resulting in extremely fine and high aspect ratio. By usingthe transmission type small-angle scattering device according to thepresent embodiment for such structures, it is possible to specify theaccurate three-dimensional shapes of these holes and pillars.

Here, it is preferable to measure the inclination of the surface of thesemiconductor wafer and adjust so that the surface of the semiconductorwafer is perpendicular to the optical axis of incident X-rays beforeperforming the small-angle scattering measurement.

FIG. 20A is a front configuration diagram schematically showing aconfiguration example relating to means for measuring the inclination ofthe semiconductor wafer.

As shown in FIG. 20A, a laser inclination measuring device 36 isprovided in the rotation arm 11 of the goniometer 10 to be arranged sideby side with the two-dimensional X-ray detector 30. The two-dimensionalX-ray detector 30 and the laser inclination measuring device 36 areinstalled in a moving table 37 that moves in the lateral direction.

The moving table 37 moves in the lateral direction with the drivingforce of a drive motor (not shown), and any one of the two-dimensionalX-ray detector 30 and the laser inclination measuring device 36 can beplaced at a position facing the optical axis O of X-rays emitted fromthe X-ray irradiation unit 20 while the two-dimensional X-ray detector30 and the laser inclination measuring device 36 are switched to eachother.

The laser inclination measuring device 36 includes a laser light source36 a and a laser detector 36 b, and it has a function of irradiating thesurface of the semiconductor wafer (sample S) supported by the sampleholder 42 with laser light from the laser light source 36 a, anddetecting the laser light reflected from the surface of thesemiconductor wafer by the laser detector 36 b to measure theinclination of the surface of the semiconductor wafer with respect tothe optical axis O.

Based on the inclination of the surface of the semiconductor wafer withrespect to the optical axis O measured by the laser inclinationmeasuring device 36, the χ-axis swing mechanism and the in-planerotation mechanism of the sample stage 40 are driven to adjust theinclination of the surface of the semiconductor wafer so that thesurface of the semiconductor wafer is vertical to the optical axis O ofincident X-rays.

By adjusting the inclination of the surface of the semiconductor waferas described above, the χ-axis swing mechanism and the rotation arm 11of the goniometer 10 are driven with the adjusted orientation beingdefined as an origin (χ=0°, θ=0°), which makes it possible toarbitrarily change the optical axis angle of X-rays with respect to thesemiconductor wafer.

By adjusting the inclination of the surface of the semiconductor wafer,it is possible to measure the positional relation (inclination) of theholes and pillars formed in the semiconductor wafer with the surface ofthe semiconductor wafer, and also it is possible to obtain usefulinformation regarding the shape of the device.

Thereafter, the small-angle scattering measurement is executed accordingto a flowchart of FIG. 19.

FIG. 20B is a side configuration diagram schematically showing anotherconfiguration example relating to the means for measuring theinclination of the semiconductor wafer.

In the configuration shown in FIG. 20B, the laser inclination measuringdevice 36 is installed side by side with the optical microscope 35. Inorder to measure the inclination of the surface of the semiconductorwafer, the semiconductor wafer (sample S) supported by the sample holderis moved to a position below the laser inclination measuring device 36by driving the Y-axis moving mechanism and the X-axis moving mechanismof the sample stage 40.

The laser inclination measuring device 36 has a function of measuringthe inclination of the surface of the semiconductor wafer by irradiatingthe surface of the semiconductor wafer with laser light from the laserlight source 36 a and detecting the laser light reflected from thesurface of the semiconductor wafer by the laser detector 36 b.

Here, for example, if the positions of the laser light source 36 a andthe laser detector 36 b are adjusted in advance so that the laserinclination measuring device 36 can measure an inclination with thehorizontal plane set as a reference, the inclination of the surface ofthe semiconductor wafer with respect to the horizontal plane or thevertical axis can be measured.

Note that the present invention is not limited to the above-describedembodiment, and it goes without saying that various modifications andapplications can be carried out as needed.

For example, the rotation arm is not limited to the configurationincluding the three arm members 12, 13 and 14 as shown in FIG. 4, and itmay include two or four or more arm members.

Further, as shown in FIGS. 13 to 16, the external housing is not limitedto the configuration in which the two housing element members 202 and203 are freely movable with respect to the housing main body 201, and itmay be configured so that one or three or more housing element membersare freely movable with respect to the housing main body. Further, themovement of these housing element members may be configured to bemanually moved as needed instead of use of the driving force from thedrive motor.

1. A transmission type small-angle scattering device comprising: asample holder in which a sample as an inspection target is placed; asample positioning mechanism for moving the sample holder; a goniometerincluding a rotation arm; an X-ray irradiation unit installed on therotation arm; and a two-dimensional X-ray detector installed on therotation arm, wherein the rotation arm is freely turnable around a0-axis extending in a horizontal direction from an origin with avertical arrangement state of the rotation arm being defined as theorigin; the X-ray irradiation unit is installed on a lower-side endportion of the rotation arm; the two-dimensional X-ray detector isinstalled on an upper-side end portion of the rotation arm; the X-rayirradiation unit irradiates the sample placed in the sample holder withfocused X-rays from a lower side of the sample; and the two-dimensionalX-ray detector detects scatter X-rays generated around the focusedX-rays transmitted through the sample at a position above the sample. 2.The transmission type small-angle scattering device according to claim1, wherein the rotation arm comprises a plurality of arm members, and isconfigured so that one of the plurality of arm members is fixed to a θrotation axis of the goniometer, and the other arm members slide withrespect to the arm member fixed to the θ rotation axis to overlap andfit the fixed arm member.
 3. The transmission type small-anglescattering device according to claim 2, wherein the sample holder isformed inside a sample holding frame, an inside of the sample holdingframe serves as an X-ray transmission hole, and the sample holder isconfigured to support the sample while facing the X-ray transmissionhole.
 4. The transmission type small-angle scattering device accordingto claim 3, wherein suction support pieces are provided on an innerperipheral edge of the sample holding frame so as to protrude inwardfrom a plurality of places of the inner peripheral edge, and configuredto suck and support a part of an outer peripheral edge portion of thesample.
 5. The transmission type small-angle scattering device accordingto claim 1, wherein the sample positioning mechanism includes anin-plane rotation mechanism for causing the sample supported by thesample holder to rotate within a plane, a Y-axis moving mechanism formoving the sample holder in a longitudinal direction, an X-axis movingmechanism for moving the sample holder in a lateral direction, a Z-axismoving mechanism for moving the sample holder in a vertical direction,and a swing mechanism for swinging the sample holder, and wherein theZ-axis moving mechanism includes a guide member and a sliding memberwhich are combined with each other in a wedge-like shape and configuredso that the sliding member is pushed up when the guide member moves inone direction, whereas the sliding member is descended when the guidemember moves in an opposite direction, thereby moving the sample holderin the vertical direction together with the sliding member.
 6. Thetransmission type small-angle scattering device according to claim 1,further comprising an external housing for covering a periphery of thetransmission type small-angle scattering device, wherein the externalhousing includes a housing main body and one or a plurality of housingelement members, and the housing element members are freely movable in avertical direction with respect to the housing main body, and whereinthe housing element members are configured to set a form in which thehousing element members are overlapped with the housing main body andfolded up, and a form in which the housing element members areprotracted from the housing main body.